The layout of all normal space stations is the same, but the props scattered around them are subtly different based on I believe the economy of the system as well as the dominant species there. Other than those details they are indeed functionally identical. Calling them all “different” from each other because of this is a huge stretch.

Station interiors used to be different than they are now, but they were still all the same. The floor plan of the stations in abandoned systems is the same as what the old stations looked like. The pirate stations are by and large based on this design as well. The addition of various additional vendors including the maps trader, starship fabricator, scrap merchant, etc. necessitated changing the station floor plans.

• All normal stations have the same layout.
• All pirate stations have the same layout as each other.
• All abandoned stations have the same layout as each other, which is the old station style.
• The Space Anomaly is always the same.
• Atlas Stations are always the same, with the only differences being the semi-randomlized locations of the “warts” and what resources are on offer at the pedestals near the interface.

So tl;dr: No. Other than trivial minutiae, the same type of station is the same as all the others of its type.